Pcr And Its Use :: essays research papers

PCR And Its UseOften times, scientists only have a gnomish sum of deoxyribonucleic acid to deal with when doing patrimonial research or studies. In these situations, scientists burn do one ofseveral things. One is to just extend to work with it anyway, but this is nearlyimpossible (depending on how very much thither is). Ther are a couple other serviceesthey can use, or they can use PCR. PCR is one of the more complicated, butreliable ways to do tests on desoxyribonucleic acid when they only have a small amount to beginwith. PCR, or Polymearse Chain Reaction, is the scientific process used bygenetic scientists to clone DNA."A rapid diagnostic technique used in the clinical microbiology lab to detectpathogens. It relies upon amplification technology utilizingthe heat stable DNApolymerase from a thermophilic organism." (fromhttp//www.genes.com/pcr/pcrinfo.html) Dr. K.Mullis recently received the Nobelprize for inventing the technique.This is how they go about doing thi s They prototypical get their small DNA sample. therefore they mix all the chemicals (this includes the primer, etc). Then they haveto run it through the PCR machine. Here is a (rather detailed) description ofthe process "The cycling protocol consisted of 25-30 cycles of three-temperatures strand denaturation at 95degC, primer annealing at 55degC, andprimer extension at 72deg C, typically 30 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 secondsfor the DNA Thermal Cycler and 4 seconds, 10 seconds, and 60 seconds for theThermal Cycler 9600, respectively."Basically, that content that they set it to certain temperatures, then put it in polar cyles for different amounts of time. PCR machines can be comparedwith washing machines. There are the different temperatures (here for example,there is 72degC, where in the washing machine you would set it to cold/coldrespectively.For it to aright replicate, we must know how to match each of the followingA T G A T A T G G C A G C A A C G A C C A T Athe mat ch would beT A C T A T A C C G T C C T T G C T G T A TThe whole process is pretty much summed up like this They heat up the DNA tolet the enzymes kick downstairs it down (or unzip its bonds). Then add specific amountsof the primer (relative to the amount of DNA you have. Then you add the enzymeto sets of 4 nuclotides that will go through the genetic sequence of nucleotidesand hook up the matching nucleotide (A goes to T and G to C etc).