Comparative Study of Common Vegetable Starches Essay

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this experiment is to be able to help the rescript with its environmental issues by creating biodegradable bendable out of customary veg amylumes. Here, the The procedures that the researcher theatrical role in this investigatory project were all data-based and were based on Scientific Method. The researcher use environment-friendly materials which digest be made into biodegradable plastics that ordain not harm the environment and will not add to pollution problems. Among thThe result was found that the harvest-tide exhibited the desirable properties of a biodegradable plastic thus the product is in all biodegradable at organisation. The researcher conclude that among the different veg starches, _____________ starch is the most effective raw material for the development of biodegradable plastics repayable to its availability in large quantity, its relatively low cost and its biodegradability. incomingA. Background of the disciplineThe ever unendi ng problem of waste disposal specifically the non-biodegradable one had contri exactlyed to the alarming worldwide problem of global warming. As an example, the experience storm surge of the island of Leyte due to add of sea level, adjoin of water level among streets during heavy rain due to clogged drains, canals and sewerage. victimisation vegetable starches in developing biodegradable plastic is one considerable step to lessen, if not total eliminate, our global concerns. Generally, this study is conducted to replace the received non-biodegradable plastics to a much friendly biodegradable plastics using different vegetable starches. The casava root is long and tapered, with a firm, homogeneous flesh incased in a detachable rind, about 1mm thick, rough and brown on the outside.Commercial varieties can be 5 to 10 cm in diameter at the top, and around 15 cm to 30 cm long. A woody cordon runs along the roots axis. The flesh can be chalk-white or yellowish. manioc roots be in truth comfortable in starch, and contain significant amounts of calcium (50 mg/100g), phosphorus (40 mg/100g) and vitamin C (25 mg/100g). However, they are poor in protein and other nutritiouss. In contrast, cassava leaves are a grave source of protein, and are large in the amino acid lysine, though deficient in methionine and whitethornhap tryptophan. These parcels are particles of biodegradable plastic.The squashThe sweet potatoB. Significance of the StudyOnce one of these vegetable starches known, this study will be very essential in the production of biodegradable plastics, which can lessen the direful piled up non-biodegradable garbages made by plastics thereby reducing harmto our environment.C. pedagogy of the ProblemThe problem is to compare which among the different vegetables squash, sweet potato and cassava, which are rich in starch will be an effective component for biodegradable plastic.D. Hypothesis manioc starch is the most effective component for biodegrada ble plastic.E. Scope and limitationsThis study will be focused on the comparison of the three common vegetables, namely, the squash, principal variable of this project is the cassava starch. The locale of this project is it could help save the environment and reduce use of plastic that takes a lot of years to degrade.REVIEW OF RELATED literatureThe word plastic came from the Greek word plastikos, meaning capable of beingness molded. elastics can be as hard as metal or as soft as silk. They can take any pulp in almost any form due to the versatility of the carbon, the most common backbone of polymer chains. Plastics can be conveniently divided into two categories semi-synthetic, in which the basic chain structure is derived from a natural product, such as cellulose and synthetic, which is built up chemically from small units or monomers. Despite the mixed applications of plastics, drawbacks have been encountered in three major points. Firstly, there are authentic chemicals us ed in the manufacture of .plastics that may cause allergic reactions. third is a need man from these threat. Secondly, since cellulose films are biodegradable they are readily attacked by bacteria. Films and packaging materials from synthetic polymers are normally attacked at a very low rate. New polymers such is nylon, polyvinyl chloride and Polystyrene have replaced cellulose, the pioneer plastic material. As a result, these plastic materials have become permanent wastes. in that respect are various methods in making biodegradable plastics. The simplest is the production of plastic from the elicition of casein from milk. Casein is obtained in two ways by souring, with the use of lactic acid, arid by boiling together with an additive, such as acetic acid.Starch is a natural organic polymer fabricate by green plants through photosynthesis s to serve as metabolous reserve It occurs in the form of grains in many parts of the plant, in the first place in embryonic tissues such as seeds, fruits, roots and tubers.Polyvinyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, thermoplastic synthetic resin. It is usually used for grease-proofing paper, in adhesives, in gas- and oil-impervious films and Coatings. This substance, although dissoluble in water, is insoluble in Common organic solvents.Glycerol is the simplest trihydric alcohol. In commercial form, it is called glycerin. It is a colorless odorless and viscous liquid with a sweet taste. It is completely soluble in water and alcohol but is only slightly soluble in many common solvents, such as ether, ethyl acetate and dioxane. It is widely used in coatings and paints, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.Plastic production is relatively new technology. Experiments are being conducted to relieve the prejudicious effects of overproducing plastics. By changing its raw materials and additives, commercial plastic may be improved so that it will become degradable while retaining its good quality. cassava starch (Manihot esculenta), also called manioc, tapioca or yuca, is one of the most important nutriment crops in the humid tropics, being particularly suited to conditions of low nutrient availability and able to survive drought (Burrell, 2003). The plant grows to a elevation of 1 to 3 m and several roots may be found on each plant. Although cassava leaves are sometimes consumed, the major harvested organ is the tuber, which is actually a swollen root.The plant is propagated mostly from melodic theme cuttings. A major limitation of cassava production is the rapid post-harvest decline of its roots which usually prevents their storage in the fresh state for more than a few days (Okezie and Kosikowski, 1982). bitter cassava ranks very high among crops that veer the greatest amount of solar energy into soluble carbohydrates per unit of area. Among the stiff staples, cassava gives a carbohydrate production which is about 40% higher(prenominal) than rice and 25% more than maize, with the result tha t cassava is the cheapest source of calories for both human nutrition and animal feeding. A typical composition of the cassava root ismoisture (70%), starch (24%), fiber (2%), protein (1%) and other substances including minerals (3%) Compared to other crops, cassava excels under suboptimal conditions, offering the possibility of using marginal land to increase total agricultural production (Cock, 1982).METHODOLOGYCassava Tubers were ground and squeezed to extract its starch. Starch obtained was weighed and divided into three equal parts 50 grams in trial 1, trial 2 and trial 3. T1, T2 and T3 also consisted of 50 ml Polyester resin and increasing variations of Polymer MEKP Hardener 50 grams for T1, 100 grams for T2 and 150 grams in T3. The components in every treatment or trial were mixed, stirred and then poured in 3 different shirts with Petroleum Jelly and then sun-dried. Afterwards, different methods were used to test the effectivity of the plastic. T1, T2 and T3 were sun-dried b ut they did not look interchangeable a plastic at all. The researchers observed the product while hold for it to dry but there were no signs of turning into a plastic.The Cassava starch was too thick and the researchers realized that it would not turn into a plastic because of its heavy weight and it would take more time earlier it would dry because of its thickness. After letting T1, T2 and T3 dry under the sun, it became hard. Although the researchers had unexpected results and the Cassava starch did not turn into plastic, studies have already proven that Cassava starch could be used for making various types of packaging products. Cassava is a promising raw material for the development of biodegradable plastics.